Amnesty Report Raises Concerns Over India’s Defence Exports to Israel

A new Amnesty International report has alleged that defence equipment and ammunition exported from India may have been used by Israel during its military operations in Gaza, raising concerns over arms exports and international humanitarian law.

Amnesty International has released a report alleging that defence equipment and ammunition exported from India may have contributed to Israel’s ongoing military operations in Gaza. The report argues that continued defence exports risk exposing India to allegations of complicity in violations of international humanitarian law if exported equipment is used in armed conflict.

The report follows the findings of a United Nations Independent International Commission of Inquiry, which examined developments in Gaza and raised serious concerns regarding Israel’s military actions. Amnesty’s assessment focuses specifically on India’s defence exports and examines shipment-level trade data between India and Israel over a two-year period.

According to the report, more than 2,500 shipments of small arms, ammunition, weapon components, and related military equipment were exported from India to Israel between October 7, 2023, and November 30, 2025. Of these, 788 shipments were assessed as having military purposes, including components for machine guns, artillery shells, and explosive systems.

The report also identifies several private and public sector defence manufacturers that allegedly exported military-related products during the period under review. It argues that India’s export control framework should more carefully assess the humanitarian implications of defence exports to regions experiencing active armed conflict.

Amnesty has called for a comprehensive arms embargo on Israel, urging governments to suspend both direct and indirect transfers of military equipment until concerns regarding compliance with international humanitarian law are addressed. The organisation has also recommended reviewing commercial relationships involving defence manufacturing and military technology.

India has not announced any policy change regarding defence exports to Israel following the publication of the report. Defence cooperation between the two countries has expanded considerably over the past two decades, with Israel remaining one of India’s key partners in areas such as missile systems, surveillance technology, aerospace, and defence manufacturing.

The report adds to the broader international debate surrounding arms transfers during armed conflicts and the responsibilities of exporting nations under international law. Questions surrounding export licensing, end-use monitoring, and compliance with humanitarian obligations continue to receive increasing global attention as conflicts become more prolonged and technologically complex.

The findings contained in the report represent allegations and recommendations made by Amnesty International. Any legal determination regarding compliance with international law ultimately rests with competent international judicial and investigative bodies.